Let’s look at AWS Access Keys inside a Lambda function, from how they are populated into the function’s execution context, how long they last, how to exfiltrate them out and use them, and how we might detect an compromised access keys. But before that, let’s go through some basics. Lambda functions run on Firecracker, a microVM technology developed by Amazon. MicroVMs are like...
Potassium40 was a project I started to see how fast Lambda could really go. The project attempts to download the robots.txt files from 1 million websites as fast as it can. I chose robots file because — well it’s supposed to be downloaded by robots anyway, so this was both great fun, but also completely ethical as I wasn’t scraping people’s websites. The goal is still to...
This post covers how to perform logging within AWS Lambda. Lambda has built-in integration to Cloudwatch logs, making it a default choice for logs, but the way a distributed system like lambda performs logging, is quite different from how you’d do in a monolithic app. For the brave folks still reading this — let’s dive in. Lambda Logging: 101 When building lambda functions...
A lambda function is a like a little island, surrounded by network. Unlike Fargate containers, of EC2 instances, they do not have EFS, EBS or some other fast storage support. Everything that goes into a lambda, goes in via the network interface (and network only). And hence, since Lambda’s are ephemeral, everything going in and out of the lambda has to transverse that network...
Last week I took the AWS Certified Security – Specialty exam — and I passed with a score of 930 (Woohoo!!) In this post I cover why I took it, what I did to pass, my overall exam experience, and some tips I learnt along the way. So let’s go. Why? Why would anybody pay good money, subject themselves to hours of studying, only to end up sitting in a cold exam room for hours...
GitHub actions is the new kid on the workflow block. It allows users to orchestrate workflows using familiar git commands like push & pull requests, and un-familiar GitHub events like gollum, issue creation and milestone closures. In this post, we’ll use GitHub actions to orchestrate a build pipeline that will deploy lambda functions using the Serverless framework. There’s a lot...
In my honest (and truly humble) opinion, VPCs don’t make much sense in a serverless architecture — it’s not that they don’t add value, it’s that the value the add isn’t worth the complexity you incur. After all, you can’t log into a lambda function, there are no inward connections allowed. And it isn’t a persistent environment, some functions may...
Amazon KMS is one of the most integrated AWS services, but probably also the least understood. Most developers know about it, and what it can do, but never really fully realize the potential of the service. So here’s a rundown of the innards of the KMS service. What is KMS? KMS (Key Management Service) is an AWS offering that allows us to create, manage and use cryptographic keys. Like...
Had a blast at PyConSG 2019, really cool to be in the presence of so many pythonistas. Would definitely recommend, especially since python is one of the more broadly used languages (AI, Blockchain, RPA, etc). My talk was on AWS Lambda (naturally!). Slide deck can be found in this GitHub Repo. Let me know what you think either in the comments here or on Youtube. Or mail me keith [at] keithrozario...
Everyone knows that I’m a Lambda fanboy, and to be fair Lambda deserves all the praise it gets, it is **the** gold-standard for serverless functions. But yesterday, I gave Google Cloudrun a spin, and boy(!) is Lambda is going to get a run for its money. Which is surprising given Google has traditionally lagged in this area — isn’t it quaint that we use words like...